Cryptosporidiosis in Cats

Overview:

Cryptosporidiosis is coccidian protozoan caused by  microscopic, single celled parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium.

Cryptosporidiosis is a cause of diarrhea in cats and cats become infected by ingesting the oocysts. These are shed in the feces & begin 5 days after infection & continues for 2-3 weeks. [1] Cryptosporidium (along with Giardia) are both well known as they are common causes of waterborne disease. That is, they can spread from host to host in water.

What are the symptoms of cryptosporidiosis in cats?

Some cats may show no symptoms at all, immunocompromised cats may have longer lasting & more severe symptoms & may die.

• Diarrhea, this may range from mild to severe & there may be blood & mucus in the present. 

• Anorexia

• Weight loss

How do cats become infected with cryptosporidium?

Nonsporulated (non-infective) oocysts are passed in the  feces. Once they are on the outside, they mature. Once the oocyst  matures (which depends on environmental conditions), they become infective (sporulated oocyst). These are then accidentally swallowed, and infection begins. 

Each oocyst contains 4 sporozoites in each of 2 sporocysts. The "zoites" invade the intestinal cells and develop to the schizont stage. The schizonts release more zoites which invade new cells and give rise to the next generation of schizonts. There are 3 generations of schizonts. Zoites released from the last generation of schizonts invade cells and form gametocytes. The male gametocyte releases gametes which fuse with the female gametocytes and form oocysts.

Damage to the intestinal cells leads to diarrhoea. 

How is cryptosporidiosis diagnosed?

Routine fecal examinations can detect the condition. A negative result is not a definite indication that your cat doesn't have coccidioses, and it may be necessary to perform repeat fecal examinations. 

How is cryptosporidiosis treated?

There are no effective medications to treat cryptosporidiosis in cats. A cat with a healthy immune system will rid themselves of the parasite in time.

Supportive care may be needed required.

Can I catch cryptosporidiosis from my cat?

Yes you can. As with cats, a healthy immune system usually fights off the disease relatively quickly, however it can have devastating effects on the immunocompromised.

References:

[1] Niels Pederson - Feline Husbandry; Diseases & Management of the Multiple Cat Household.

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